Thanks Imma, the two approaches need to be combined indeed. Participant observation coupled by more in-depth discussions on power dynamics affecting management, decision-making and benefit sharing can be the next step of this research.

While neither is without its weaknesses, I suspect that power dynamics will be more visible in observation of practice than in interviews. It will definitely permit more nuanced follow up questions. In any case, triangulating between observed and reported practices will provide a much clearer and more accurate picture.

Thank you Sikhalazo for you insightful comment. Our study just started exploring the issue of ownership and indeed there is more work that is needed. Very interesting also to read ‘ It is in the cloudiness and vagueness that status quo and marginalization of a segment of the population participating in livestock sector, especially women, is perpetuated’. I have argued above that it is in the vagueness of concepts and arrangements of ownership of livestock that spaces for new and more gender-equal practices can be found. This very issue might need to be explored by us next; a research question could be: ‘how is the vague nature of OL used in various context to perpetuate gender inequity and how, on the contrary, this very vagueness provides spaces for contestation?

Thanks Amos. I am indeed very exciting about being involved in the vibrant Tanzania value chain. I am also looking forward to implementing some of our transformative approached through social media (when we find the funding) and empowerment work (starting next month with connecting empowerment and nutrition). Thanks for your support that is essential.

Great. I look forward to discussing this.

Keep up the good work

Hi Alessandra, I concur with you regarding the possibility of “invisible power dynamics affecting who takes decisions, how people take decisions etc” that may not be observable but rather discussed. The two approaches could be combined to give more in-depth evidence.